قال الشيخ محمد ناصر الدين الألباني
في سلسلة الأحاديث الصحيحة - حديث رقم 484: ( أَمَّا أَبُوكَ فَلَوْ
كَانَ أَقَرَّ بِالتَّوْحِيدِ فَصُمْتَ وَتَصَدَّقْتَ عَنْهُ نَفَعَهُ
ذَلِكَ ):
أخرجه الإمام أحمد حَدَّثَنَا هُشَيْمٌ أَخْبَرَنَا حَجَّاجٌ حَدَّثَنَا
عَمْرُو بْنُ شُعَيْبٍ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ جَدِّهِ : " أَنَّ الْعَاصَ
بْنَ وَائِلٍ نَذَرَ فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ أَنْ يَنْحَرَ مِائَةَ بَدَنَةٍ
وَأَنَّ هِشَامَ بْنَ الْعَاصِي نَحَرَ حِصَّتَهُ خَمْسِينَ بَدَنَةً
وَأَنَّ عَمْرًا سَأَلَ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ
عَنْ ذَلِكَ فَقَالَ : ( فذكره ) .
والحديث دليل واضح على أن الصدقة والصوم تلحق الوالد ومثله الوالدة بعد
موتهما إذا كانا مسلمين , ويصل إليهما ثوابها بدون وصية منهما , ولما كان
الولد من سعي الوالدين , فهو داخل في عموم قوله تعالى : (وَأَنْ لَيْسَ
لِلْإِنْسَانِ إِلَّا مَا سَعَى) النجم 39 , فلا داعي إلى تخصيص هذا
العموم بالحديث وما ورد في معناه في الباب , مما أورده المجد ابن تيمية
في " المنتقى " كما فعل البعض .
واعلم أن الأحاديث التي ساقها في الباب هي خاصة بالأب أو الأم من الولد
فالاستدلال بها على وصول ثواب القرب إلى جميع الموتى كما ترجم لها المجد
ابن تيمية بقوله " باب وصول ثواب القرب المهداة إلى الموتى " غير صحيح
لأن الدعوى أعم من الدليل , ولم يأت دليل يدل دلالة عامة على انتفاع عموم
الموتى من عموم أعمال الخير التي تهدى إليهم من الأحياء , اللهم إلا في
أمور خاصة ذكرها الشوكاني في " نيل الأوطار , ثم الكاتب في كتابه " أحكام
الجنائز وبدعها " , وقد يسر الله – والحمد لله – طبعه , من ذلك الدعاء
للموتى , فإنه ينفعهم إذا استجابه الله تبارك وتعالى , فاحفظ هذا تنج من
الإفراط والتفريط في هذه المسألة .
وخلاصة ذلك أن للولد أن يتصدق ويصوم ويحج ويعتمر ويقرأ القرآن عن والديه
, لأنه من سعيهما , وليس له ذلك عن غيرهما , إلا ما خصه الدليل مما سبقت
الإشارة إليه , والله أعلم .
Fasting and giving charity on behalf of the Muslim Father
Al-Shaykh Muhammad Nasir Ad-Deen Al-Albani said in the chain of
authentic hadith - Hadith no. 484: (As for your father, if he had
accepted the Oneness of Allah, then if you fasted or gave charity on
his behalf that would be beneficial to him).
Imam Ahmad reported it from Hushaym that Hajjaj told him that ‘Amr bin
Sho'ayb told him from his father from his grandfather: "That Al-'As
bin Wael vowed in Jaheeliya that he will slaughter a 100 camel, and
that Hisham bin Al-'Asy slaughtered his share (50 camels), and ‘Amr
asked the prophet -peace be upon him- about that, so he mentioned it
(the hadith).
And the hadith is a clear evidence that charity and fasting reach the
father like the mother, after their death, if they were Muslims, and
its reward reach them without a testament from them, and because the
son is from the doing of his parents, then he is under the general
rule mentioned in Allah's saying: {And that man can have nothing but
what he does (good or bad).} [An-Najm: 39].
So, there is no need to restrict the general meaning of the verse by
this Hadith and what is mentioned in its meaning in that chapter; from
what Ibn Taymiyyah mentioned in "Al-Montaqa", as some others did.
And know that the Ahadeeth he mentioned in that chapter is especially
for the father and the mother. So using it an evidence on that rewards
reaches all the dead, as Ibn Taymiyyah mention under a chapter called
"Wesool Thwab Alkorb Al-Mohdah 'Eela Al-Mawta" is incorrect because
the cause is more general than the evidence, and there is no evidence;
that acts as a general proof that all good deeds done by people are
beneficial to all the dead, except in some certain situations
mentioned by Ash-Shwakny in "Nayl Al-'Awtar", and then the writer in
his book "'Ahkam Al-Gan'ez wa beda'iha", that Allah facilitated it's
publishing AlhamduliAllah (Thanks to Allah), and from that is praying
for the deceased, for it benefits them, if Allah -the All Mighty-
accepted it, So learn this by heart to survive from excessiveness in
this matter.
To summarize; the son can give charity, fast, perform Hajj & 'Umrah
and read Qur'an on behalf of his parents, because he is from their
doing, and not for others but them, except for what is specified by an
evidence from what was indicated before, and Allah knows best.
